Chemical element · Atomic number 42

Molybdenum

Molybdenum in the periodic table: atomic number 42, electron configuration, atomic mass, physical data, oxidation states, media credit and visible sources.

Mo

Transition metal

solid

95.95 u

Data-based representation, not a photograph
42MoMolybdenum

A locally stored, license-verified sample photograph has not been curated yet.

Data visualization for Molybdenum — not a photograph of an element sample.

Atomic classification

Molybdenum in the Bohr shell modelThis shows the electron distribution of the neutral atom in a simplified shell model.: 2 · 8 · 18 · 13 · 1

Shell occupancy

Molybdenum in the Bohr shell model

This shows the electron distribution of the neutral atom in a simplified shell model.

K · n=1
2 electrons
L · n=2
8 electrons
M · n=3
18 electrons
N · n=4
13 electrons
O · n=5
1 electron
Shell occupancy is derived from the versioned PubChem electron configuration. Dot angles are schematic and do not represent orbitals.
Electron configuration
[Kr]5s1 4d5
Electrons per shell
2 · 8 · 18 · 13 · 1
Group
6
Period
5
Block
D
Element category
Transition metal

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Physical and chemical properties

Atomic mass
95.95 u
Standard state
solid
Density
10.2 g/cm³
Melting point
2,896 K
Boiling point
4,912 K
Electronegativity
2.16 (Pauling)
First ionisation energy
7.092 eV
Oxidation states
+6
Discovery
1778

Safety and periodic classification

Safety

Safe handling cannot be inferred from Molybdenum's position in the periodic table alone. Laboratory, classroom and disposal decisions must follow the documentation for the exact material and its safety data sheet.

Position and comparison

Molybdenum is in period 5, group 6 and the D block. Its direct neighbours by atomic number are Niobium and Technetium. The recorded Pauling electronegativity is 2.16. Periodic trends are compared only through the separately sourced neighbouring values.

Sources and scope

PubChem attributes element data to sources including IUPAC, NIST and IAEA. Quanta stores the referenced snapshot locally and leaves unknown values unavailable.