Chemical element · Atomic number 48
Cadmium
Cadmium in the periodic table: atomic number 48, electron configuration, atomic mass, physical data, oxidation states, media credit and visible sources.
Transition metal
solid
112.41 u
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Atomic classification
Shell occupancy
Cadmium in the Bohr shell model
This shows the electron distribution of the neutral atom in a simplified shell model.
- K · n=1
- 2 electrons
- L · n=2
- 8 electrons
- M · n=3
- 18 electrons
- N · n=4
- 18 electrons
- O · n=5
- 2 electrons
- Electron configuration
- [Kr]5s2 4d10
- Electrons per shell
- 2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 2
- Group
- 12
- Period
- 5
- Block
- D
- Element category
- Transition metal
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Physical and chemical properties
- Atomic mass
- 112.41 u
- Standard state
- solid
- Density
- 8.69 g/cm³
- Melting point
- 594.22 K
- Boiling point
- 1,040 K
- Electronegativity
- 1.69 (Pauling)
- First ionisation energy
- 8.994 eV
- Oxidation states
- +2
- Discovery
- 1817
Safety and periodic classification
Safety
Safe handling cannot be inferred from Cadmium's position in the periodic table alone. Laboratory, classroom and disposal decisions must follow the documentation for the exact material and its safety data sheet.
Position and comparison
Cadmium is in period 5, group 12 and the D block. Its direct neighbours by atomic number are Silver and Indium. The recorded Pauling electronegativity is 1.69. Periodic trends are compared only through the separately sourced neighbouring values.
Sources and scope
PubChem attributes element data to sources including IUPAC, NIST and IAEA. Quanta stores the referenced snapshot locally and leaves unknown values unavailable.