Chemical element · Atomic number 22
Titanium
Titanium in the periodic table: atomic number 22, electron configuration, atomic mass, physical data, oxidation states, media credit and visible sources.
Transition metal
solid
47.867 u
Documented element sampleA titanium crystal bar made by the iodide process, 99.995 percent pure and weighing about 283 grams.
Image credit: Alchemist-hp ( pse-mendelejew.de )
Auto-oriented, limited to 1600 × 1200 pixels and re-encoded as WebP; the subject was not altered.
Atomic classification
Shell occupancy
Titanium in the Bohr shell model
This shows the electron distribution of the neutral atom in a simplified shell model.
- K · n=1
- 2 electrons
- L · n=2
- 8 electrons
- M · n=3
- 10 electrons
- N · n=4
- 2 electrons
- Electron configuration
- [Ar]4s2 3d2
- Electrons per shell
- 2 · 8 · 10 · 2
- Group
- 4
- Period
- 4
- Block
- D
- Element category
- Transition metal
Physical and chemical properties
- Atomic mass
- 47.867 u
- Standard state
- solid
- Density
- 4.5 g/cm³
- Melting point
- 1,941 K
- Boiling point
- 3,560 K
- Electronegativity
- 1.54 (Pauling)
- First ionisation energy
- 6.828 eV
- Oxidation states
- +4, +3, +2
- Discovery
- 1791
Safety and periodic classification
Safety
Safe handling cannot be inferred from Titanium's position in the periodic table alone. Laboratory, classroom and disposal decisions must follow the documentation for the exact material and its safety data sheet.
Position and comparison
Titanium is in period 4, group 4 and the D block. Its direct neighbours by atomic number are Scandium and Vanadium. The recorded Pauling electronegativity is 1.54. Periodic trends are compared only through the separately sourced neighbouring values.
Sources and scope
PubChem attributes element data to sources including IUPAC, NIST and IAEA. Quanta stores the referenced snapshot locally and leaves unknown values unavailable.
Where Titanium sits among the 118 elements
The table compares the reported values for Titanium with every other element that carries the same value in the snapshot. A rank is not a judgement, it is orientation: it says how unusual this value is across the periodic table.
| Value | Titanium | Position in the data set |
|---|---|---|
| Melting point | 1,941 K | Rank 19 of 103 elements with a reported value. Highest: Carbon. |
| Boiling point | 3,560 K | Rank 25 of 93 elements with a reported value. Highest: Rhenium. |
| Density | 4.5 g/cm³ | Rank 66 of 96 elements with a reported value. Highest: Osmium. |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.54 | Rank 53 of 95 elements with a reported value. Highest: Fluorine. |
| Ionisation energy | 6.828 eV | Rank 52 of 102 elements with a reported value. Highest: Helium. |
All values and ranks come from the PubChem Periodic Table snapshot, retrieved on 2026-07-15. Elements without a reported value are excluded, so the population differs per row.
The neighbours of Titanium in the periodic table
- Place in the table
- Group 4, period 4, D block. Classified as transition metal, solid at standard conditions.
- Direct neighbours
- Atomic number 22. Preceded by Scandium, followed by Vanadium.
- Same group
- Same number of outer electrons, and therefore similar reactivity to Zirconium, Hafnium, Rutherfordium.
- Discovery
- Recorded in the snapshot as: 1791. Who, where and under what circumstances is not part of that record, so this page carries the sourced year and no discovery narrative.
- Oxidation states
- +4, +3, +2. They follow from the electron configuration [Ar]4s2 3d2 and indicate which compounds to expect.
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