Chemical element · Atomic number 30
Zinc
Zinc in the periodic table: atomic number 30, electron configuration, atomic mass, physical data, oxidation states, media credit and visible sources.
Transition metal
solid
65.4 u
Documented element sampleElemental zinc shown as metal pieces and powder.
Image credit: W. Oelen
Auto-oriented, limited to 1600 × 1200 pixels and re-encoded as WebP; the subject was not altered.
Atomic classification
Shell occupancy
Zinc in the Bohr shell model
This shows the electron distribution of the neutral atom in a simplified shell model.
- K · n=1
- 2 electrons
- L · n=2
- 8 electrons
- M · n=3
- 18 electrons
- N · n=4
- 2 electrons
- Electron configuration
- [Ar]4s2 3d10
- Electrons per shell
- 2 · 8 · 18 · 2
- Group
- 12
- Period
- 4
- Block
- D
- Element category
- Transition metal
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Physical and chemical properties
- Atomic mass
- 65.4 u
- Standard state
- solid
- Density
- 7.134 g/cm³
- Melting point
- 692.68 K
- Boiling point
- 1,180 K
- Electronegativity
- 1.65 (Pauling)
- First ionisation energy
- 9.394 eV
- Oxidation states
- +2
- Discovery
- 1746
Safety and periodic classification
Safety
Safe handling cannot be inferred from Zinc's position in the periodic table alone. Laboratory, classroom and disposal decisions must follow the documentation for the exact material and its safety data sheet.
Position and comparison
Zinc is in period 4, group 12 and the D block. Its direct neighbours by atomic number are Copper and Gallium. The recorded Pauling electronegativity is 1.65. Periodic trends are compared only through the separately sourced neighbouring values.
Sources and scope
PubChem attributes element data to sources including IUPAC, NIST and IAEA. Quanta stores the referenced snapshot locally and leaves unknown values unavailable.