Chemical element · Atomic number 40
Zirconium
Zirconium in the periodic table: atomic number 40, electron configuration, atomic mass, physical data, oxidation states, media credit and visible sources.
Transition metal
solid
91.22 u
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Atomic classification
Shell occupancy
Zirconium in the Bohr shell model
This shows the electron distribution of the neutral atom in a simplified shell model.
- K · n=1
- 2 electrons
- L · n=2
- 8 electrons
- M · n=3
- 18 electrons
- N · n=4
- 10 electrons
- O · n=5
- 2 electrons
- Electron configuration
- [Kr]5s2 4d2
- Electrons per shell
- 2 · 8 · 18 · 10 · 2
- Group
- 4
- Period
- 5
- Block
- D
- Element category
- Transition metal
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Physical and chemical properties
- Atomic mass
- 91.22 u
- Standard state
- solid
- Density
- 6.52 g/cm³
- Melting point
- 2,128 K
- Boiling point
- 4,682 K
- Electronegativity
- 1.33 (Pauling)
- First ionisation energy
- 6.634 eV
- Oxidation states
- +4
- Discovery
- 1789
Safety and periodic classification
Safety
Safe handling cannot be inferred from Zirconium's position in the periodic table alone. Laboratory, classroom and disposal decisions must follow the documentation for the exact material and its safety data sheet.
Position and comparison
Zirconium is in period 5, group 4 and the D block. Its direct neighbours by atomic number are Yttrium and Niobium. The recorded Pauling electronegativity is 1.33. Periodic trends are compared only through the separately sourced neighbouring values.
Sources and scope
PubChem attributes element data to sources including IUPAC, NIST and IAEA. Quanta stores the referenced snapshot locally and leaves unknown values unavailable.